Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer (c.1553-1606) was one of many Dutchmen who sailed the trading waters from Holland as far afield as Spain and the Baltic Sea. He retired from the sea in 1579 and began production of charts using the knowledge he had gained. Part one of the Spieghel der Zeevaerdt was published to critical acclaim in 1583, the second part followed in 1585. They are the first modern published sea charts and were engraved by the van Deutecum brothers. They were both functional and of great artistic merit. A superb decorative sea chart of the east coast of Scotland orientated to the west, from Dunstanborough Head, Edinburgh and up to Aberdeen. Published in the ‘De Spieghel der Zeevaerdt’ it is engraved by Jan van Deutecum. This is the first printed chart of the Firth of Forth in its FIRST STATE before the addition of a correctly positioned Edinburgh. In the first state it is placed along the coast. The second state renames it Leith and places a second symbol inland for Edinburgh divided by a new river. The second also includes a Latin title and page number. It is decorated with sea monsters, a magnificent compass rose and a sailing ship. Fleet, Wilkes and Withers pp. 178-9; Koeman (1967-70) IV p. 474 no. 27a; Nordenskiold.( 1979) 297, 4; Moir (1973) II, p.4; weinreb & Douwma Catalogue 19 items 157 & 158 illustrated.