In 1752 Thomas Bowles and John Bowles and Son first published a large 4 sheet map of England and Wales. It is notable for being the first map of the countries to use accurate astronomical observations. The map is the work of Thomas Kitchin (1719-84) who, in preparing it, consulted detailed surveys of 18 English counties and most of Wales, ranging in date from the Symonson of Kent 1596, to Thomas Jefferys’ map of Staffordshire 1747. He also collected information from Members of the Royal Society who provided latitudes and longitude for about sixty places. It required careful observation of the moons of Jupiter with a top quality telescope to measure accurate longitude. Each location surveyed is underlined on the map. This example is a further large scale version engraved by Kitchin. With an ornate title cartouche standing out. A ship is seen at anchor illustrating the country’s maritime and trading prowess. Legends all around the coastline point out the inlets and canals and how far inland they are navigable. Shirley (2004) T.Lau-1a nos. 7 & 8; Worms & Baynton-Williams (2011).