Clive A. Burden LTD. Rare Maps, Antique Atlases, Books and Decorative Prints

The Mapping of North America

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John Cary (1755-1835) and descendants were possibly the most prolific publishers of cartography around the turn of the nineteenth century. Cary is noted for the clarity of detail in his maps and was the first to use the Greenwich meridian. Cary was born in Warminster in 1755 to a prominent family. At fifteen he was apprenticed to the engraver William Palmer and made free in 1778. His very earliest works were engravings for, or publications in partnership with others. Many of these suffered bankruptcy or other ill fortune. Undeterred he opened his own premises at 188 Strand taking over from the bookseller Samuel Hooper. His first sole publication was a very rare road book displaying the route from London to Falmouth published in 1784.

At this point in time no fresh county atlases had been issued since the ‘Large English Atlas’ of the 1750s. Since then, between Robert Sayer and the Bowles family, now in the hands of Carington Bowles, the market had to make do with reissues of earlier works. However, during much of this period many counties had undergone fresh large-scale survey’s, several of which had been published. Both individuals were as Hodson stated ‘now in their 60s, were wealthy, and furthermore quite uninterested in undertaking the compilation of a new English county atlas’. Having worked already on books to do with roads and canals, Cary could see the rapidly transforming landscape and its use by the public. The huge increase in the number of Turnpikes towards the end of the eighteenth century helped to ensure comfortable and relatively safe travel across the country. In 1787-89 Cary published the ‘New and Correct English Atlas’ which proved immediately successful.

This work was first published as a separately issued wall map in eighty-one sheets in 1792. An example of it is found in the British Library (Maps *1130.2). Although strictly a wall map, it is best known through its publication in 1794 as an atlas with all eighty-one sheets bound in. The whole measures approximately 1775 x 2235 mm. and is drawn on a scale of 5 miles to the inch. It is also widely recognised as the first English atlas to be published using Greenwich as the Prime Meridian. This was agreed world-wide at an international conference in Washington in 1884. It was John Seller who, with his map of Hertfordshire published in 1676, first popularised the use of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London as the Meridian. Some individual maps had been published prior to 1794 using Greenwich, but none of the whole country.

This map extends as far north as Edinburgh and gives extensive detail of the country at the time. It is dedicated to the Earl of Chesterfield and Lord Walsingham, the Post Masters General. Each sheet includes in the border a small square illustrating the numbers of the adjoining sheets for easy reference. The title, dedication, index map, explanation and scale bound at the beginning form sheets 80, 71, 62, 72 and 63 accordingly. All are to be found in the upper right of the whole. The top right sheet 81 is bound in order in the main part of the book.

Special attention was paid to the roads and fourteen additional pages found here were added at a later stage. This example also includes the List of Places in 88 pages, in its second state as first issued in 1804 according to Fordham. The last leaf of which includes an advert dated at the foot May 1804. Fordham (1925a) pp. 44-7; Smith (1988); Worms & Baynton-Williams (2011).
CARY, John

Cary's New Map of England and Wales, with part of Scotland. On which are carefully laid down All the Direct and Principal Cross Roads, the Course of the Rivers and navigable Canals, Cities, Market and Borough Towns, Parishes, and most considerable Hamlets, Parks, Forests & c.& c. Delineated from Actual Surveys; and materially assisted from Authentic Documents Liberally supplied by the Right Honourable the Post Masters General

J. Cary, Engraver & Map-seller, No. 181 Strand, London, 1794-[1804]
Quarto (290 x 245 mm.), modern green quarter calf, green cloth boards, spine with blind ruled compartments, gilt title, light wear. With engraved title (sheet 80), dedication (sheet 71), with pp. 14 list of roads and Index, early wash coloured general map (sheet 62), Explanation (sheet 72) and Scale (sheet 62) and map in 76 sections, numbered to 81, in early outline colour, interleaved with publishers’ tissue, pp. 88 general Index bound at the end, minor print offsetting, otherwise in good condition.
Stock number: 10213
£ 395
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